The effects of test trial and processing level on immediate and delayed retention
Author(s) / Creator(s)
Chang, Sau Hou
Abstract / Description
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of test trial and processing level on immediate and delayed retention. A 2 × 2 × 2 mixed ANOVAs was used with two between-subject factors of test trial (single test, repeated test) and processing level (shallow, deep), and one within-subject factor of final recall (immediate, delayed). Seventy-six college students were randomly assigned first to the single test (studied the stimulus words three times and took one free-recall test) and the repeated test trials (studied the stimulus words once and took three consecutive free-recall tests), and then to the shallow processing level (asked whether each stimulus word was presented in capital letter or in small letter) and the deep processing level (whether each stimulus word belonged to a particular category) to study forty stimulus words. The immediate test was administered five minutes after the trials, whereas the delayed test was administered one week later. Results showed that single test trial recalled more words than repeated test trial in immediate final free-recall test, participants in deep processing performed better than those in shallow processing in both immediate and delayed retention. However, the dominance of single test trial and deep processing did not happen in delayed retention. Additional study trials did not further enhance the delayed retention of words encoded in deep processing, but did enhance the delayed retention of words encoded in shallow processing.
Keyword(s)
single test trial repeated test trial shallow processing level deep processing level immediate retention delayed retentionPersistent Identifier
Date of first publication
2017-03-03
Journal title
Europe's Journal of Psychology
Volume
13
Issue
1
Page numbers
129–142
Publisher
PsychOpen GOLD
Publication status
publishedVersion
Review status
peerReviewed
Is version of
Citation
Chang, S. H. (2017). The effects of test trial and processing level on immediate and delayed retention. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i1.1131
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Author(s) / Creator(s)Chang, Sau Hou
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PsychArchives acquisition timestamp2018-11-21T09:59:52Z
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Made available on2018-11-21T09:59:52Z
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Date of first publication2017-03-03
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Abstract / DescriptionThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of test trial and processing level on immediate and delayed retention. A 2 × 2 × 2 mixed ANOVAs was used with two between-subject factors of test trial (single test, repeated test) and processing level (shallow, deep), and one within-subject factor of final recall (immediate, delayed). Seventy-six college students were randomly assigned first to the single test (studied the stimulus words three times and took one free-recall test) and the repeated test trials (studied the stimulus words once and took three consecutive free-recall tests), and then to the shallow processing level (asked whether each stimulus word was presented in capital letter or in small letter) and the deep processing level (whether each stimulus word belonged to a particular category) to study forty stimulus words. The immediate test was administered five minutes after the trials, whereas the delayed test was administered one week later. Results showed that single test trial recalled more words than repeated test trial in immediate final free-recall test, participants in deep processing performed better than those in shallow processing in both immediate and delayed retention. However, the dominance of single test trial and deep processing did not happen in delayed retention. Additional study trials did not further enhance the delayed retention of words encoded in deep processing, but did enhance the delayed retention of words encoded in shallow processing.en_US
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Publication statuspublishedVersion
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Review statuspeerReviewed
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CitationChang, S. H. (2017). The effects of test trial and processing level on immediate and delayed retention. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i1.1131
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ISSN1841-0413
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Persistent Identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12034/1032
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Persistent Identifierhttps://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.1224
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Language of contenteng
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PublisherPsychOpen GOLD
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Is version ofhttps://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i1.1131
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Keyword(s)single test trialen_US
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Keyword(s)repeated test trialen_US
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Keyword(s)shallow processing levelen_US
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Keyword(s)deep processing levelen_US
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Keyword(s)immediate retentionen_US
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Keyword(s)delayed retentionen_US
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Dewey Decimal Classification number(s)150
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TitleThe effects of test trial and processing level on immediate and delayed retentionen_US
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DRO typearticle
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Issue1
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Journal titleEurope's Journal of Psychology
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Page numbers129–142
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Volume13
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Visible tag(s)Version of Record