Contempt of congress: Do liberals and conservatives harbor equivalent negative emotional biases towards ideologically congruent vs. incongruent politicians at the level of individual emotions?
Author(s) / Creator(s)
Steiger, Russell L.
Reyna, Christine
Wetherell, Geoffrey
Iverson, Gabrielle
Abstract / Description
Prior research suggests that conservatives are more fear-motivated, disgust-sensitive, and happy than liberals. Yet when it comes to political targets (e.g., politicians), both liberals and conservatives can get very emotional. We examined whether the ideological differences in emotion seen in past research apply to emotions towards specific ideologically similar vs. dissimilar targets, or whether these emotions are instead equivalent between liberals and conservatives. Across two studies, liberals and conservatives rated their anger, contempt, disgust, fear, and happiness towards Democratic and Republican congresspersons. We compared participants’ levels of each emotion towards their respective ideologically dissimilar and ideologically similar congresspersons. Liberals and conservatives both experienced stronger negative emotions towards ideologically dissimilar congresspersons than they did towards ideologically similar ones. Neither liberals nor conservatives differed in negative emotions towards politicians overall (i.e., on average). However, there were ideological differences in emotional bias. In Study 1, liberals exhibited a greater contempt bias (i.e., a larger gap in contempt ratings between ideologically similar and ideologically dissimilar politicians) than conservatives did. In Study 2, liberals exhibited greater contempt, anger, disgust, and happiness biases than conservatives did. The need to consider context in the study of ideological differences in emotion is discussed.
Keyword(s)
political ideology emotion ideological conflict contempt anger disgust fear happiness liberal conservativePersistent Identifier
Date of first publication
2019-02-08
Journal title
Journal of Social and Political Psychology
Volume
7
Issue
1
Page numbers
100–123
Publisher
PsychOpen GOLD
Publication status
publishedVersion
Review status
peerReviewed
Is version of
Citation
Steiger, R. L., Reyna, C., Wetherell, G., & Iverson, G. (2019). Contempt of congress: Do liberals and conservatives harbor equivalent negative emotional biases towards ideologically congruent vs. incongruent politicians at the level of individual emotions?. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 7(1), 100-123. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.822
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jspp.v7i1.822.pdfAdobe PDF - 1.3MBMD5: e5fe3cf65a65fe44c82cf0670d602e08
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Author(s) / Creator(s)Steiger, Russell L.
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Author(s) / Creator(s)Reyna, Christine
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Author(s) / Creator(s)Wetherell, Geoffrey
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Author(s) / Creator(s)Iverson, Gabrielle
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PsychArchives acquisition timestamp2022-04-14T11:23:00Z
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Made available on2022-04-14T11:23:00Z
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Date of first publication2019-02-08
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Abstract / DescriptionPrior research suggests that conservatives are more fear-motivated, disgust-sensitive, and happy than liberals. Yet when it comes to political targets (e.g., politicians), both liberals and conservatives can get very emotional. We examined whether the ideological differences in emotion seen in past research apply to emotions towards specific ideologically similar vs. dissimilar targets, or whether these emotions are instead equivalent between liberals and conservatives. Across two studies, liberals and conservatives rated their anger, contempt, disgust, fear, and happiness towards Democratic and Republican congresspersons. We compared participants’ levels of each emotion towards their respective ideologically dissimilar and ideologically similar congresspersons. Liberals and conservatives both experienced stronger negative emotions towards ideologically dissimilar congresspersons than they did towards ideologically similar ones. Neither liberals nor conservatives differed in negative emotions towards politicians overall (i.e., on average). However, there were ideological differences in emotional bias. In Study 1, liberals exhibited a greater contempt bias (i.e., a larger gap in contempt ratings between ideologically similar and ideologically dissimilar politicians) than conservatives did. In Study 2, liberals exhibited greater contempt, anger, disgust, and happiness biases than conservatives did. The need to consider context in the study of ideological differences in emotion is discussed.en_US
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Publication statuspublishedVersion
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Review statuspeerReviewed
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CitationSteiger, R. L., Reyna, C., Wetherell, G., & Iverson, G. (2019). Contempt of congress: Do liberals and conservatives harbor equivalent negative emotional biases towards ideologically congruent vs. incongruent politicians at the level of individual emotions?. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 7(1), 100-123. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.822en_US
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ISSN2195-3325
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Persistent Identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12034/5578
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Persistent Identifierhttps://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.6182
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Language of contenteng
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PublisherPsychOpen GOLD
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Is version ofhttps://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.822
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Is related tohttps://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.2353
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Keyword(s)political ideologyen_US
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Keyword(s)emotionen_US
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Keyword(s)ideological conflicten_US
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Keyword(s)contempten_US
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Keyword(s)angeren_US
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Keyword(s)disgusten_US
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Keyword(s)fearen_US
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Keyword(s)happinessen_US
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Keyword(s)liberalen_US
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Keyword(s)conservativeen_US
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Dewey Decimal Classification number(s)150
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TitleContempt of congress: Do liberals and conservatives harbor equivalent negative emotional biases towards ideologically congruent vs. incongruent politicians at the level of individual emotions?en_US
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DRO typearticle
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Issue1
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Journal titleJournal of Social and Political Psychology
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Page numbers100–123
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Volume7
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Visible tag(s)Version of Recorden_US