The Paradoxical Effect of Praise and Blame: Age-Related Differences
Author(s) / Creator(s)
Kaspar, Kai
Stelz, Helena
Abstract / Description
Blame and praise sometimes have a seemingly paradoxical effect: blame after failure sometimes leads to the impression that the recipient has a high ability. In contrast, praise after success can lead to an inference of low ability. Several studies showed this effect and its relation to concurrent sympathy ratings as well as to cognitive schemas underlying these estimations. The present study is the first to focus on differences across the adult lifespan regarding peoples’ ability and sympathy estimations of praised or blamed individuals. In this context, the causal schemas underlying peoples’ judgments were also investigated. The results show that seemingly paradoxical ability estimations were independent of age in contrast to reversed ability estimations (i.e., a praised individual is perceived as more capable than a blamed individual) decreasing with age. Moreover, age affected the estimation of a teacher’s sympathy for blamed and praised students in terms of a universal decrease with age. Finally, exclusive ability-related causal schemas were primarily used by older people and facilitated the occurrence of seemingly paradoxical ability estimations. The results provide a first base for future research on this largely neglected topic.
Keyword(s)
praise blame paradoxical ability estimations causal schema age differencesPersistent Identifier
Date of first publication
2013-05-31
Journal title
Europe's Journal of Psychology
Volume
9
Issue
2
Page numbers
304–318
Publisher
PsychOpen GOLD
Publication status
publishedVersion
Review status
peerReviewed
Is version of
Citation
Kaspar, K., & Stelz, H. (2013). The Paradoxical Effect of Praise and Blame: Age-Related Differences. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 9(2), 304–318. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v9i2.540
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There are no other versions of this object.
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Author(s) / Creator(s)Kaspar, Kai
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Author(s) / Creator(s)Stelz, Helena
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PsychArchives acquisition timestamp2018-11-21T10:01:01Z
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Made available on2018-11-21T10:01:01Z
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Date of first publication2013-05-31
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Abstract / DescriptionBlame and praise sometimes have a seemingly paradoxical effect: blame after failure sometimes leads to the impression that the recipient has a high ability. In contrast, praise after success can lead to an inference of low ability. Several studies showed this effect and its relation to concurrent sympathy ratings as well as to cognitive schemas underlying these estimations. The present study is the first to focus on differences across the adult lifespan regarding peoples’ ability and sympathy estimations of praised or blamed individuals. In this context, the causal schemas underlying peoples’ judgments were also investigated. The results show that seemingly paradoxical ability estimations were independent of age in contrast to reversed ability estimations (i.e., a praised individual is perceived as more capable than a blamed individual) decreasing with age. Moreover, age affected the estimation of a teacher’s sympathy for blamed and praised students in terms of a universal decrease with age. Finally, exclusive ability-related causal schemas were primarily used by older people and facilitated the occurrence of seemingly paradoxical ability estimations. The results provide a first base for future research on this largely neglected topic.en_US
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Publication statuspublishedVersion
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Review statuspeerReviewed
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CitationKaspar, K., & Stelz, H. (2013). The Paradoxical Effect of Praise and Blame: Age-Related Differences. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 9(2), 304–318. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v9i2.540
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ISSN1841-0413
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Persistent Identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12034/1187
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Persistent Identifierhttps://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.1379
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Language of contenteng
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PublisherPsychOpen GOLD
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Is version ofhttps://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v9i2.540
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Keyword(s)praiseen_US
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Keyword(s)blameen_US
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Keyword(s)paradoxical ability estimationsen_US
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Keyword(s)causal schemaen_US
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Keyword(s)age differencesen_US
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Dewey Decimal Classification number(s)150
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TitleThe Paradoxical Effect of Praise and Blame: Age-Related Differencesen_US
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DRO typearticle
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Issue2
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Journal titleEurope's Journal of Psychology
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Page numbers304–318
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Volume9
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Visible tag(s)Version of Record